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2026-07-03

DirectDice & LessDice: no-correction & no-pip-counting rolls for d6-based TTRPG systems


Inspired by https://gurpsland.no-ip.org/articles/PolyGURPS.htm, which gets rid of ±3 modifiers, but still preserves ±2, expands the result range, and also doesn't go far enough to make use of Catalan dice.

Implications of Central Limit Theorem must be upheld. Singular die has uniform distibution, 2 dice have a triangual distribution, 3 dice start to look like Bell curve, and the more dice, the more normal the distribution, and the smaller the spread.


NOTATION CONVENTIONS:

Constant: d1

Coin: d2

Platonic: d4, d6, dF, d8, d12, d20

Trapezohedra: đ10, đ10*10 (maybe also d14, d16, d18, d22, d26, d28, and d32)

Catalan: d24, d30, d48, d60, d120

Weird: d100 (equivalent to d% pseudodie)


đ means either use a 0-based dice or just read the die face count as 0. Conversely, d means either use a 1-based dice or just read the 0 as the die face count. đ% means read 00 as 0, and d% means read 00 as 100. dF rolls -1, 0, or 1.

Odd-dice are typically even-dice with each number twice.

d48 and d120 may be a bit harder to obtain in Eastern Europe due to international shipping and customs. In case of diffulties with obtaining other dice as well, factorize:

120 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 5 => đ12 * 10 + d10     (or đ6 * 20 + d20 or đ4 * 30 + d30)
100 = 2 * 2 * 5 * 5     => đ10 * 10 + d10
 60 = 2 * 2 * 3 * 5     => đ 6 * 10 + d10     (or đ30 * 2 + d2)
 48 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 => đ 8 *  6 + d 6     (or đ12 * 4 + d4)
 30 = 2 * 3 * 5         => đ 6 *  5 + ceil(d10/2)
 24 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3     => đ 6 *  4 + d 4     (roll hour as d12 with d2 for AM/PM)
 20 = 2 * 2 * 5         => đ10 *  2 + d 2
 12 = 2 * 2 * 3         => đ 6 *  2 + d 2
  8 = 2 * 2 * 2         => đ 4 *  2 + d 2
  4 = 2 * 2             => đ 2 *  2 + d 2

Cannot do anything about lack of d2. You may be able to do something about lack of d10 and d6 if you somehow have some weirdly shaped d5 or d3. Luckily, d10 comes twice a D&D set (ignore or make up tens as you go), d6 is available in normie stores, and for d2 pay for dice sets in cash and use change.


NPC ROLLS (DirectDice):

All Nd6-N rolls can be DirectDiced as Nđ6, but this is boring. Each plain 2d6 are also substituted for d8+d4. If these run out, try d10+d2.

Reject means to reroll on said result. If the extrema of both sides are mentioned, it's possible to treat it as a slight range extension.

OrigExpr   From   To   DirectDice     Reject
  d6-1       0     5   đ6
  d6         1     6   d6
  d6+1       2     7   d8             1, 8
  d6+2       3     8   d8             1, 2
  d6+3       4     9   đ10            0, 1, 2, 3
 2d6-2       0    10   đ8+đ2
 2d6-1       1    11   đ10+d2
 2d6         2    12   d8+d4
 2d6+1       3    13   d8+đ6          2
 2d6+2       4    14   d8+d6          2, 3
 2d6+3       5    15   4d4            4, 16
 3d6-3       0    15   đ8+đ6+đ4
 3d6-2       1    16   đ8+d6+đ4
 3d6-1       2    17   đ8+d6+d4
 3d6         3    18   d8+d6+d4
 3d6+1       4    19   đ10+d6+d4      2, 3
 3d6+2       5    20   5d4
 3d6+3       6    21   5d4+d2         22
 4d6-4       0    20   3đ8            21
 4d6-3       1    21   3đ8            0
 4d6-2       2    22   2d12           23, 24
 4d6-1       3    23   3d8            24
 4d6         4    24   2d8+2d4
 4d6+1       5    25   3d8+d2         26
 4d6+2       6    26   3d8+d2         5
 4d6+3       7    27   7d4            28
 5d6-5       0    25   2đ12+đ4
 5d6-4       1    26   2đ12+d4
 5d6-3       2    27   2d12+đ4
 5d6-2       3    28   2d12+d4
 5d6-1       4    29   3d10           3, 30
 5d6         5    30   2d8+d6+2d4
 5d6+1       6    31   2d8+4d4        32
 5d6+2       7    32   2d8+4d4        6
 5d6+3       8    33   2d8+4d4+d2     7, 34

Generally, to ensure minimum result, roll that many dice, and to ensure maximum, ensure the faces add up to it. At medium amounts of d6, the minimum starts getting too high for this approach.


HEROIC ROLLS (AltDice):

These balance matching mean and range, like in the original table. Replacement is by single type of dice. Precise numerical meanings of results of such rolls are unlikely. Shift the corrective constant accordingly.

OrigExpr   From   To   AltDice   Expand
  d6-1       0     5   d4          -1
  d6+1       2     7   d8          +1
  d6+2       3     8   d10         +2
  d6+3       4     9   d12         +3
 2d6-2       0    10   2d4         -2
 2d6+2       4    14   2d8         +2
 2d6+3       5    15   4d4         +1
 3d6+1       4    19   2d10        +1
 3d6+3       6    21   3d8         +3
 4d6-3       1    21   2d10        -1  
 4d6-1       3    23   2d12        +1
 4d6+4       8    28   4d8         +4               
 5d6-1       4    29   3d10        +1
 5d6+2       7    37   3d12        +3   
 6d6         6    36   2d20        +4
 6d6+1       7    37   4d10        +3     
 7d6-2       5    40   5d8          0
 7d6+3      10    45   5d10        +5
 8d6-2       6    46   4d12        +2
 8d6-1       7    47   6d8         +1
 8d6+5      13    53   6d10        +7
 9d6         9    54   3d20        +6
 9d6+1      10    55   5d12        +5
10d6-2       8    58   6d10        +2
10d6+1      11    61   8d8         +3
10d6+4      14    64   6d12        +8
11d6        11    66   7d10        +4
11d6+2      13    68   9d8         +4
12d6        12    72   4d20        +6
12d6+3      15    75   10d8        +5
13d6        13    78   7d12        +6
14d6-4      10    80   10d8         0
14d6+4      14    84   8d12        +7
15d6-3      12    87   11d8        +1
15d6        15    90   5d20       +10
16d6-2      14    94   12d8        +2
16d6-1      15    95   10d10       +5
17d6-1      16   101   9d12        +7
17d6+1      18   103   11d10       +7
18d6-2      16   106   12d10       +4
18d6        18   108   6d20       +12
18d6+2      20   110   10d12      +10 
19d6+1      20   115   15d8        +4
20d6+2      22   122   16d8        +6
21d6-2      19   124   13d10       +7
21d6        21   126   7d20       +14
22d6+1      23   133   12d12      +11
23d6+2      25   140   15d10      +10
24d6        24   144   8d20       +16

At higher amounts of d6, too many polyhedral dice are rolled, albeit less, facing the same problem of counting taking too long, as well as the range being expanded too much. You need to be quite a dice hoarder to have 16 d8 or 12 d12, which only come once per D&D set unlike d10. As a hotfix, use 2d8=d10+d6=d12+d4 and 2d12=d20+d4.


SUPERHEROIC ROLLS (LessDice):

Hero System and Shadowrun are notorious for using obscene amounts of d6, moreso than GURPS. They're hard to hold in hands, and the pips take ages to count. This is the time to finally resign at eliminating corrections. 4 or 5 dice (6 or 5 from 54d6, 6 or 7 dice from 63d6, 8 or 7 from 80d6) are enough to invoke Central Limit Theorem, allow the Bell curve to take shape, and provide enough wiggle room for mean coinage payment problem. These mostly Catalan dice aren't typically owned in large quantities of the same type, the most egregious ask is for 3d48 (substitute with d100+d24+d20) and 3d30 (substitute with d48+d30+d12). 3d120 enters only at 61d6 and 3d100 at 63d6.

Die     d2    d4    d6    d8   d10   d12   d20   d24   d30   d48   d60  d100  d120
Mean   1.5   2.5   3.5   4.5   5.5   6.5  10.5  12.5  15.5  24.5  30.5  50.5  60.5

Note that 2d6 have the mean of d14.

OrigExpr   From   Mean   To   LessDice
 6d6         6    21     36   d12+d10+2d8
 7d6         7    25.5   42   d12+d10+3d8
 8d6         8    28     48   d24+2d10+d8
 9d6         9    32.5   54   d24+2d10+2d8
10d6        10    35     60   2d24+d10+d8
11d6        11    39.5   66   2d20+2d12+d10
12d6        12    42     72   2d24+d20+d12
13d6        13    45.5   78   d24+2d20+d12+d10
14d6        14    49     84   d30+d24+2d20
15d6        15    52.5   90   2d24+2d20+d12
16d6        16    56     96   2d30+2d24       
17d6        17    59.5  102   3d30+2d12       
18d6        18    63    108   d48+d30+d24+d20
19d6        19    66.5  114   2d30+2d24+d20   
20d6        20    70    120   2d48+2d20       
21d6        21    73.5  126   d48+d30+d24+2d20
22d6        22    77    132   2d48+d30+d24    
23d6        23    80.5  138   d48+2d30+2d24   
24d6        24    84    144   3d48+d20        
25d6        25    87.5  150   2d48+d30+d24+d20
26d6        26    91    156   d60+2d48+d24
27d6        27    94.5  162   3d48+2d20
28d6        28    98    168   2d60+d48+d24
29d6        29   101.5  174   3d48+d30+d24
30d6        30   105    180   d120+d48+d30+d8
31d6        31   108.5  186   d100+d48+d30+d24+d10
32d6        32   112    192   d100+2d48+d24
33d6        33   115.5  198   d100+d48+d30+2d24
34d6        34   119    204   d120+d60+d48+d6
35d6        35   122.5  210   d100+d60+d48+d20+d12
36d6        36   126    216   d120+d60+d48+d20
37d6        37   129.5  222   2d100+d30+2d12
38d6        38   133    228   d120+d100+d30+d12
39d6        39   136.5  234   2d100+2d24+d20
40d6        40   140    240   2d120+d24+d12
41d6        41   143.5  246   d120+d60+d48+d30+d24
42d6        42   147    252   2d120+d30+d20
43d6        43   150.5  258   d120+d60+2d48+d20
44d6        44   154    264   d120+d100+d60+d24
45d6        45   157.5  270   2d100+d60+d30+d20
46d6        46   161    276   2d120+d48+d30
47d6        47   164.5  282   d120+3d48+d60
48d6        48   168    288   d120+2d100+d12
49d6        49   171.5  294   2d100+d60+d48+d30
50d6        50   175    300   2d120+d100+d6
51d6        51   178.5  306   d120+d100+d60+d48+d24
52d6        52   182    312   2d120+d100+d20
53d6        53   185.5  318   d120+2d100+d30+d24
54d6        54   189    324   d120+d60+3d48
55d6        55   192.5  330   2d120+d100+d30+d10
56d6        56   196    336   2d120+d100+d30+2d8
57d6        57   199.5  342   2d120+d100+d30+d24
58d6        58   203    348   2d120+d100+d30+d20+d10
59d6        59   205.5  354   2d120+d100+d48+d12
60d6        60   210    360   2d120+d100+d30+d24+d20
61d6        61   213.5  366   3d120+d60+d2
62d6        62   217    372   2d120+d100+d48+2d20
63d6        63   220.5  378   3d100+d60+d30+d24+d20
64d6        64   224    384   2d120+d100+d48+d30+d24
65d6        65   227.5  390   d120+2d100+d60+2d24+d20
66d6        66   231    396   2d120+d100+d60+d48+d8
67d6        67   234.5  402   d120+2d100+2d60+d12+d10
68d6        68   238    408   2d120+d100+2d60+d10
69d6        69   241.5  414   d120+2d100+2d60+d24+d12
70d6        70   245    420   2d120+d100+2d60+d24
71d6        71   248.5  426   d120+2d100+2d60+d30+d20
72d6        72   252    432   d120+3d100+d48+d30
73d6        73   255.5  438   d120+2d100+2d60+d24+d20
74d6        74   259    442   2d120+2d100+d48+d24
75d6        75   262.5  448   2d120+2d100+d48+d20+d10
76d6        76   266    454   3d120+d100+d60+d6
77d6        77   269.5  460   3d120+d100+d48+2d12
78d6        78   273    466   3d120+d100+d60+d20
79d6        79   276.5  472   3d120+d100+d60+d20+d6
80d6        80   280    480   3d120+d100+3d24+d20

Eventually, the amounts of Catalan dice needed start rising as well, and the variance becomes enormeous, so a different approach is needed. Consider splitting digits, like rolling 6d6*10+4d6 instead of 64d6. See NPC Rolls table for 3d6 to 5d6 equivalents. Don't roll 1d6 or 2d6 for most significant digit, Bell curve starts only taking shape at 3d6. Numerical inflation makes a TTRPGs feel like Yu-Gi-Oh!, where players become accountants with 8000 LP, instead of more pedestrian 20 Life of MTG.


DEMIGOD ROLLS (NormalDice):

At higher amounts of d6, the Bell curve gets so narrow it's almost better to roll a bunch of dF and modify the mean, so for example 100d6 goes from 100 to 600 with mean 350, but instead of d120+5d100+d48+d24 (8 large dice) or 10d6*10 (digit split loses precission with round numbers, maybe try different radices), roll 350+10dF*10, which gives flatter range from 200 to 500. Generate the least significant digit with d10 if you need precission. This keeps the variance increase in check. There could be a NormalDice table that specifies the exact amount of Fudge dice to replicate the distribution, but just note this:

Nd6: Mean 7N/2 = 3.5N, Variance 35N/12 = 2.9167N, StdDev 1.7078*N^(1/2)

KdF: Mean 0, Variance 2K/3 = 0.6667K, StdDev 0.8165*K^(1/2)

LdF*10: Mean 0, Variance 200L/3 = 66.6667L, StdDev 8.165*L^(1/2)

Therefore, K = 35N/8 = 4.375N, or N = 8K/35 = 0.22857K, and L = 7N/160 = 0.04375N, or N = 160L/7 = 22.85714L

Using dF*10 instead of dF reduces the amount to be rolled to approximate normal distribution to 4 from 438 at 100d6, which is still quite some distance away from true normal, therefore to reach the range of 100 to 600, there needs to be 25 decadic dF rolled, i.e. N/4. Mean is fixed in NormalDice mode, it's just a question of whether to match the variance or the range, and if you don't know, arithmetic mean is 4+25/2=14.5, which rounds to 15. Multiply accordingly for 1000d6 or other crazy rolls.

This means the amount of dice rolled is reduced by a factor of 25 when matching variance (realistic), 4 when matching range (cinematic), and 6.667 when balancing with arithmerical mean. I propose a factor of 10, which happens to be a geometric mean of 4 and 25, and is simpler to conceptualize for decimal beings who create market for artrocities like d100, but post-graduate GMs may have their own opinions.


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